Stabilitas Genetik Klon Tanaman Tebu Transgenik Berbasis RNAi dan  Ketahanannya terhadap Infeksi SCMV

Naomi Berthi Yonindi; Retno Apriasti; Netty Ermawati; Bambang Sugiharto

doi:10.25047/agriprima.v6i1.452

Stabilitas Genetik Klon Tanaman Tebu Transgenik Berbasis RNAi dan Ketahanannya terhadap Infeksi SCMV

Authors

Naomi Berthi Yonindi , Retno Apriasti , Netty Ermawati , Bambang Sugiharto

DOI:

10.25047/agriprima.v6i1.452

Published:

31-03-2022

Issue:

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): MARCH

Keywords:

HpSCMVCp, SCMV, stabilitas genetik, ketahanan berbasis RNAi, tanaman tebu

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Yonindi, N. B., Apriasti, R., Ermawati, N., & Sugiharto, B. (2022). Stabilitas Genetik Klon Tanaman Tebu Transgenik Berbasis RNAi dan Ketahanannya terhadap Infeksi SCMV. Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v6i1.452

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Abstract

SCMV merupakan virus pathogen pada tanaman tebu yang dapat menyebabkan perlambatan pertumbuhan, kerusakan kloroplas, penurunan fotosintesis dan hilangnya produktifitas gula sekitar 20-50%. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengembangkan tanaman tebu tahan virus SCMV dengan memasukkan HpSCMVCp melalui pendekatan bioteknologi RNAi (RNA interference). RNAi dapat memproduksi dsRNA homolog yang akan diproses menjadi 21-24 siRNA oleh enzim Dicer. Spesifik siRNA akan mendegradasi target mRNA virus dan mencegah ekpresi protein virus. Dua klon tebu transgenik HpSCMVCp-CaMV dan HpSCMVCp-Ubi yang telah dikembangkan perlu dilakukan uji stabilitas genetik dan ketahannya pada generasi T1. Indukan tebu HpSCMVCp-CaMV dan HpSCMVCp-Ubi ditumbuhkan 5 mata tunas dan dilakukan konfirmasi PCR menunjukkan adanya materi genetic HpSCMVCp yang stabil pada setiap mata tunas. Selanjutnya pada umur 2 bulan dilakukan uji tular SCMV yang menunjukkan tingkat ketahanan terhadap serangan SCMV mencapai 70-100% dibandingkan dengan wild type 0%. Hal ini juga ditunjukkan dari hasil analisa RT-PCR deteksi SCMV dengan pasangan primer untuk amplifikasi DNA Nib-Cp. Tanaman tebu WT yang bergejala mosaic dan tidak tahan infeksi SCMV menunjukan amplifikasi DNA Nib-Cp dan tidak ada pada tanaman tebu transgenic yang tahan. Secara keseluruhan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tanaman tebu transgenic stabil menurunkan materi genetic dan ketahanan terhadap infeksi SCMV pada generasi berikutnya.

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