Induction of Morphogenic Callus and In Vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.)

Abstract

In vitro propagation is a method to produce massive healthy new planting materials quickly. An experiment was carried out for morphogenic callus induction and regeneration of a domestic sugarcane variety. The Explants used was an inert folded leaf and incubated on modified MS medium augmented with 1 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l, and 5 mg/l of 2,4-D for callus induction. The leaf calluses were subcultured on MS medium enriched with different growth regulators for shoot initiation and multiplication. The highest percentage of callus formation was achieved in the medium containing 2.5 mg/l of 2,4-D, while the fastest callus initiation was noticed in MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D, and maximum proliferation and the morphogenic response of callus were obtained in 3rd subculture. Two types of callus observed on the induction medium were dry nodular friable and smooth compact. This highly morphogenic callus was white to white creamy in color and easy to separate.   The highest shoot proliferation rate was found on the medium containing 2 mg/l Kinetin + 1 mg/l IAA and no growth was noticed on the medium containing Kinetin alone. Therefore, the study suggests that the growth hormone of cytokinin in combination with auxin is necessary for in vitro regeneration of sugarcane callus culture.