Karakterisasi Sifat Morfologi dan Fisiologi Padi Lokal Banyuwangi sebagai Bahan Dasar Perakitan Varietas Unggul Baru
DOI:
10.25047/agriprima.v10i1.792Downloads
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi sifat morfologi dan fisiologi beberapa varietas padi lokal Banyuwangi sebagai bahan dasar perakitan varietas unggul baru yang adaptif, produktif, dan tahan cekaman lingkungan. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan mengikuti panduan IRRI terhadap parameter seperti bentuk dan ukuran daun, malai, anakan, serta biji. Karakter fisiologi dianalisis melalui kerapatan stomata dan kandungan klorofil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman fenotipik yang signifikan antarvarietas padi lokal Banyuwangi, meliputi karakter daun, jumlah dan produktivitas anakan, bentuk malai, serta ukuran biji. Varietas HR1 memiliki panjang dan luas daun terbesar, sedangkan varietas A3 menunjukkan jumlah anakan produktif tertinggi. Variasi kerapatan stomata antarvarietas mencerminkan perbedaan potensi efisiensi pertukaran gas dan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Kandungan klorofil, terutama klorofil a, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan klorofil b pada seluruh varietas, dengan nilai tertinggi tercatat pada varietas BR1. Hubungan positif antara parameter morfologi dan fisiologi menunjukkan bahwa varietas dengan kombinasi luas daun, jumlah anakan produktif tinggi, dan kandungan klorofil besar memiliki kapasitas fotosintesis serta potensi hasil yang lebih baik. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemanfaatan keragaman sifat morfologi dan fisiologi padi lokal dalam mendukung program pemuliaan untuk menghasilkan varietas unggul baru yang adaptif terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan nasional.
Keywords:
Adaptasi Banyuwangi Fisiologi Morfologi Padi lokalReferences
Ansari, A., Pranesti, A., Telaumbanua, M., Alam, T., Taryono, Wulandari, R. A., Nugroho, B. D. A., & Supriyanta. (2023). Evaluating the effect of climate change on rice production in Indonesia using multimodelling approach. Heliyon, 9(9), e19639. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E19639
BPS. (2025, February 3). In 2024, paddy harvested area was approximately 10.05 million hectareswith 53.14 million tons of dry unhusked paddy (GKG) production. - BPS-Statistics Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/en/pressrelease/2025/02/03/2414/-in-2024--paddy-harvested-area-was-approximately-10-05-million-hectareswith-53-14-million-tons-of-dry-unhusked-paddy--gkg--production-.html
Buckley, T. N. (2019). How do stomata respond to water status? In New Phytologist (Vol. 224, Issue 1, pp. 21–36). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15899
Chang, T.-T., & Bardenas, E. A. (1965). The Morphology and Varietal Characteristics of the Rice Plant.
Gouda, G., Gupta, M. K., Donde, R., Mohapatra, T., Vadde, R., & Behera, L. (2020). Marker-assisted selection for grain number and yield-related traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 885–898). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00773-7
Hairmansis, A., Balai, S., Penelitian, B., Padi, T., & Raya, J. (2016). Hairmansis et al.: Padi Gogo Adaptif pada Lahan Kering Suboptimal Pemuliaan Padi Gogo Adaptif pada Lahan Kering Rice Improvement for Upland Areas. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 11(2), 95–96.
Hasana, N., Sarno, & Hanum, L. (2022). Ukuran Stomata Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Hasil Rendaman Kolkisin sebagai Sumber Belajar Biologi. 6(2), 85–90. http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio
Hetherington, A. M., & Woodward, F. I. (2003). The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature, 424(6951), 901–908. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01843
Iswanto, E. H., Munawar, D., & Rahmini, &. (2020). Resistance Evaluation of Modern Rice Varieties to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal. J. HPT Tropika, 20(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.220157-164
Lichtenthaler, H. K., Buschmann, C., & Knapp, M. (2005). How to correctly determine the different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio RFd of leaves with the PAM fluorometer. Photosynthetica, 43(3), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-005-0062-6
Mazid, M. S., Rafii, M. Y., Hanafi, M. M., Rahim, H. A., Shabanimofrad, M., & Latif, M. A. (2013). Agro-morphological characterization and assessment of variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence in bacterial blight resistant rice genotypes. South African Journal of Botany, 86, 15–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.01.004
Nugraha, Y., & Rumanti, A. (2017). Perakitan Varietas Padi Toleran Keracunan Besi Breeding for Rice Variety Tolerant to Iron Toxicity. Jurnal Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 12(1).
Priatama, R., Katarina Manik, T., Benyamin Timotiwu, P., Pramono, E., & Alimuddin. (2025). Climate Change Impact On Rice Productivity Using FAO AquaCrop Model: A Case Study in Lampung. Agromet, 39(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.39.1.48-55
Purwansyah, T. S., Rosanti, D., & Kartika, T. (2021). Morfometri Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Pulau Rimau Banyuasin. Jurnal Indobiosains, 3(2), 28–8. http://univpgri-palembang.ac.id/e_jurnal/index.php/biosains
Rabinowitch, E. I., & Govindjee. (1965). The Role of Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis. Scientific American, 213, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0765-74
Ray, A., Deb, D., Ray, R., & Chattopadhayay, B. (2013). Phenotypic characters of rice landraces reveal independent lineages of short-grain aromatic indica rice. AoB PLANTS, 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plt032
Suhartini, T. (2016). Keragaman Karakter Morfologis Plasma Nutfah Spesies Padi Liar (Oryza spp.). Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v16n1.2010.p17-28
Vanisri, S., Sreedhar, M., Jeevan, L., Pavani, A., Chaturvedi, A., Aparna, M., Pavan Kumar, D., Sunitha, T., Aruna, K., Tripura Venkata, V. G. N., Surender Raju, Ch., & Jagadeeswar, R. (2017). Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Chlorophyll Content and Scavenging Enzyme Activity under the Influence of Mannitol Stress towards Drought Tolerance. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 2907–2917. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.338
Xu, Z., & Zhou, G. (2008). Responses of leaf stomatal density to water status and its relationship with photosynthesis in a grass. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59(12), 3317–3325. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern185
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlin Susilowati, Eka Nurmala Sari, Mohammad Ali Mudhor, Jazila Tur Rohmah, Mohammad Zahrul Nizam (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
