Regenerasi Nilam Aceh ‘Sidikalang’ melalui Organogenesis tak Langsung dan Multiplikasi Tunas dalam Produksi Tanaman True-to-Types
DOI:
10.25047/agriprima.v6i1.447Issue:
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): MARCHKeywords:
organogenesis tidak langsung, tunas majemuk dari eksplan nodus, Pogostemon cablin Benth.Articles
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Abstract
Nilam Aceh ‘Sidikalang’ (Acehnese Patchouli) merupakan salah satu anggota kelompok dari Lamiaceae, famili mint. Minyak aromatik yang biasa disebut juga dengan minyak patchouli dapat diproduksi dari daunnya, yang mana bernilai tinggi dalam industri parfum dan aromaterapi, karena wangi aromatik yang segar. Minyak patchouli juga memiliki variasi senyawa fitokimia yang memiliki efek terapeutik, seperti antimikroba, antidepresan, anti-inflamasi, dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan protocol yang efisien dan reprodusibel untuk refenerasi tak langsung dari eksplan daun dan banyak tunas dari eksplan nodus. Organogenesis tak langsung telah dilakukan menggunakan medium MS (Murashige-Skoog) dengan beberapa perlakuan, seperti NAA 0,5 mg/L + BAP 0,1 mg/L, NAA 1 mg/L + BAP 0,1 mg/L, dan NAA 1,5 mg/L + BAP 0,1 mg/L, sedangkan tunas majemuk yang dihasilkan dari eksplan nodus dikulturkan pada media MS dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi BAP, yakni 0,5 mg/L, 1,0 mg/L, dan 1,5 mg/L kemudian, untuk tahap perakaran dari tunas, tunas akan dikulturkan pada media ½ MS tanpa Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) dan media MS dengan beberapa perlakuan, yakni tanpa Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT), IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) 0,5 mg/L, dan NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) 0,5 mg/L. Selanjutnya, planlet yang dihasilkan dari tahap perakaran secara in vitro akan diaklimatisasi pada kombinasi tanah : kompos (1:1). Sebagai tambahan, tunas in vitro juga akan ditanam secara langsung sebagai stek tunas mikro pada kombinasi tanah : kompos (1:1). Perlakuan optimal untuk organogenesis tak langsung menggunakan media MS dengan NAA 1 mg/L + BAP 0,1 mg/L. Dalam perbanyakan tunas majemuk dari eksplan nodus, media MS dengan BAP 0,5 mg/L merupakan media optimum. Tunas yang dikulturkan pada media ½ MS untuk tahap perakaran, tumbuh membentuk planlet dengan morfologi akar normal. Secara keseluruhan, planlet nilam lebih cepat terbentuk melalui penanaman langsung stek tunas mikro pada kondisi ex vitro dibandingkan melalui tahap perakaran in vitro.
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Author Biographies
Natasha Florenika, University of Surabaya
Agnes Natalia Wijaya, University of Surabaya
Didik Puji Restanto, University of Jember
Poppy Hartatie Hardjo, University of Surabaya
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